RAF1 and Zika virus infectious disease: The increasing cytopathic effect (CPE) was measured by cell viability assays (Fig 1C), ZIKV replication was determined by an obvious increase of viral NS5 RNA level detected by qPCR (Fig 1D), while expression of viral NS5 protein detected by Western blot (Fig 1E), suggesting a robust viral replication in MPAs upon ZIKV infection.