Previous studies have found that, PPARα activators were able to inhibit the secretion of CCL2 [19], and the expression of PPARα was noticeably decreased in HCC tissues [20], more interestingly, a search on Targetscan (http://www.targetscan.org/) revealed the existence of a binding site between miR-580-5p and the 3′-UTR of PPARα (Figure 5C). This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and hepatocellular carcinoma.