TNF and COVID-19: Otherwise, in the acute phase of COVID-19, a storm of plasma cytokines and chemokines has been described, with higher markers of inflammation (e.g. C-reactive protein, ferritin, IL-2 IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ) in patients with more severe presentations [8, 67, 68].