In PSA screening for PCa, approximately one-tenth of men aged 50–60 years will have an elevated PSA (> 3 ng/mL) [13, 14] and the detection rate of cancer is much lower compared to men with a clinical suspicion of PCa where the prevalence of significant cancer many times lies in the range of 30–40% [2]. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.