In subjects with metabolic syndrome, TNF-α levels in blood decreased by α-tocopherol supplementation alone and in combination with γ-tocopherol, whereas nitrotyrosine levels in urine, a marker of reactive nitrogen species, were decreased by γ-tocopherol supplementation alone or in combination with α-tocopherol, suggesting more potent ability of decreasing nitrosative stress in γ-tocopherol than in α-tocopherol(26). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic syndrome.