In addition, high levels of NfL correlate with brain atrophy and spinal cord volume loss, even in the absence of MRI activity (Arrambide et al., 2015; Kuhle et al.,2016b,a; Disanto et al., 2017; Novakova et al., 2017b; Barro et al., 2018; Chitnis et al., 2018; Piehl et al., 2018; Siller et al., 2019; Khalil et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and Brain atrophy.