APP and Alzheimer disease: VSTM impairments, evaluated either through change detection or delayed-reproduction tasks, have been reported in preclinical AD populations including presymptomatic familial Alzheimer’s disease [FAD, an autosomal dominantly inherited condition caused by mutations in either presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2) or amyloid precursor protein (APP)]3–5.