TGFB1 and neoplasm: Specifically, TGF-β, which could be derived from cancer cells129, acts potently on fibroblasts to enhance the synthesis of collagen and fibronectin130 as well as chemokines related to tumor promotion, such as CXCR3, CXCR4, C–C motif chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), CXCL10, CXCL12, C–C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), and CCL25131.