INS and diabetes mellitus: Compared to those in the lowest tertile of the TyG index, participants in the higher tertile were younger with shorter duration of diabetes; were more frequently men, smokers, drinkers; less frequently used non-insulin hypoglycaemic agents (all P for trend < 0.05); had lower levels of HDL-C; and had higher blood pressures, BMIs, waist circumferences, fasting and post load glucose levels, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-C, UACR, and WBC counts (all P for trend < 0.001).