Treatment with Bay 11–7082 reduced the level of IGF-1 secretion (Fig 5A) and expression of IGF-1 mRNA (Fig 5B) in OFs from a patient with TAO (#120), whereas it had no effect on a control individual (#136), suggesting that the higher level of IGF-1 is associated with a higher activity of the NF-κB pathway in TAO patients. Here, IGF1 is linked to thromboangiitis obliterans.