Although variations exist between OFs from different patients with TAO in the levels of IGF-1 secretion, SSTR2 expression, and NF-κB activity, OFs from patients with TAO consistently showed higher levels of IGF-1 secretion, SSTR2 expression, and NF-κB activity compared to controls, in the basal status without any treatment, even after five passages in vitro after separation from orbital tissues. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is thromboangiitis obliterans.