Common pathogenic mechanisms of the Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) — caused by mutations in Pkd1or Pkd2, including disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis, excessive cell proliferation and fluid secretion, abnormal extracellular matrix, and disruption of mechanisms controlling tubular diameter — contribute to cyst formation (43). The gene discussed is PKD2; the disease is cyst.