MTOR and atherosclerosis: Metabolic remodeling after LPS stimulation may modify the downstream genes and proteins by triggering the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways involved in many pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, indicating that it is necessary to emphasize the importance of metabolites in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response (Byles et al. 2013; Sag et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2020).