Upon LPS stimulation, the phosphorylation cascade of MyD88 initiated by TLRs mediates the recruitment and activation of IL-1R-associated kinases (IRAKs), further triggering the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators helping to shape the immune response and eradicate infection (Janssens and Beyaert 2003). The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is infection.