Treatment of primary human hepatocytes with echimidine, heliotrine, senecione, or senkirkine led to a set of commonly deregulated genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell death, and cancer development as well as the activation of transcription factors, e.g., TP53, MYC, NF-kB, and NUPR1 (Luckert et al. 2015). Here, NUPR1 is linked to cancer.