VEGFA and congestive heart failure: However, there were no significant differences in anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and other proinflammatory cytokines including cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractants (CICN), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1α, lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) between sham and CHF rats (Supplemental Fig. 2b, c).