WFS1 and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: WFS1 also causes autosomal dominant (AD) nonsyndromic progressive low-frequency SNHI [9, 10] and AD Wolfram-like syndrome (WFSL; OMIM: 614296) that is characterized by congenital progressive low- and middle-frequency SNHI, diabetes mellitus, and optic atrophy [11].