SOD1 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Although previous studies have reported that the SOD3 p.R231G genotype is associated with several diseases, including ischemic heart disease, DM, and DM-associated complications, our study revealed that approximately a tenfold difference in plasma EC-SOD concentration due to difference in the SOD3 p.R231G genotype was not associated with the medical history of CKD, diabetes, stroke, CHD, and pneumonia in the Very Old and Centenarians15,16.