These results revealed that the medical history was mostly similar between the SOD3 p.R231G non-carriers and heterozygotes in the entire, Very Old, and Centenarians, suggesting that the approximately tenfold difference in the plasma EC-SOD concentration among the SOD3 p.R231G genotypes was not affected by medical history including DM, stroke, coronary heart CHD, CKD, and pneumonia in the Very Old and Centenarians. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.