Although no significant difference was observed in medical histories between the SOD3 p.R231G variant non-carriers and carriers, higher EC-SOD concentration in plasma of SOD3 p.R231G variant non-carriers was associated with a high odds ratio for chronic kidney disease (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.98–3.72) and low odds ratio for diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39–0.95). Here, SOD3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.