Although previous studies have reported that the SOD3 p.R231G genotype is associated with several diseases, including ischemic heart disease, DM, and DM-associated complications, our study revealed that approximately a tenfold difference in plasma EC-SOD concentration due to difference in the SOD3 p.R231G genotype was not associated with the medical history of CKD, diabetes, stroke, CHD, and pneumonia in the Very Old and Centenarians15,16. This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and pneumonia.