Immunohistochemistry analysis of biopsies obtained from healthy volunteer lung tissues (control) and lung cancer patients showed that, although protein levels of PD-L1 and phospho-GSK3α (i.e., inhibited GSK3α) were strongly elevated in tumor tissues, ARIH1 protein levels were higher in control samples (Supplementary Fig. 7). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and lung carcinoma.