VDR and gestational diabetes: A recent study described betatrophin as a novel target gene of the vitamin D receptor in human hepatocytes, which is induced by vitamin D and bile acid.[32] Another report suggested that 25-(OH)D is an independent factor affecting betatrophin levels, and is positively associated with betatrophin levels.[33] We found that serum levels of 25-(OH)D and betatrophin were positively associated in GDM patients (r = 0.677, P = .000).