When the analyses were performed in patients carrying H. pylori strains harboring the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), we noticed significant association with NOD1 rs2075820 (OR = 4.90, 95% CI 1.80–3.36, p = 0.0019), in particular for intestinal-type gastric cancer cases (OR = 7.16, 95% CI 2.40–21.33, p = 4.1 × 10− 4) but not among diffuse-type gastric cancer cases (OR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.13–0.10, p = 0.03). Here, NOD1 is linked to gastric cancer.