The tissue CXCL10+ CCL2+ inflammatory macrophages from UC colon, CD ileum, RA synovium, and COVID-19 BALF were transcriptionally most similar to macrophages stimulated by the combination of TNF-α plus IFN-γ in cluster 1 (Fig. 4b, c, Additional file 2: Figure S8b-c). Here, CXCL10 is linked to COVID-19.