IFNB1 and infection: In IAV-infected animals, interferon alpha (IFN-α) and IFN-β were significantly reduced at 24 h pbi during infection with SGD mutant bacteria compared to their levels during infection with WT D39 (P < 0.05), with the exception of IFN-α during coinfection with D39Δ1414 (P = 0.95) and D39ΔpurD (P = 0.17) (Fig. 5 and Fig. S2J and L).