ATM and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Although ATM signaling in breast cancer or cervical cancer leads to doxorubicin or MNNG resistance [52, 53], cell-death to etoposide or curcumin chemotherapy may arise from ATM signaling in osteosarcoma or pancreatic cancer [54, 55], highlighting the contextual importance of individual studies where activation of ATM may have divergent roles.