Strikingly, L1 retrotransposition was reduced by more than 50% in JFH1-SGRBSD and in Con1-SGR cells compared to naïve Huh7.5 cells (Fig 6C), indicating that HCV RNA replication, the expression of the non-structural proteins of the replicase complex (NS3–NS5B), the formation of HCV replication compartments, or host-responses towards viral infection interfere with L1 retrotransposition. Here, KRAS is linked to viral infectious disease.