Simultaneous mutational defects in the Arabidopsis calmodulin-binding transcription factors CAMTA1, CAMTA2, and CAMTA3, which act as negative regulators of NHP and SA biosynthetic genes, result in elevated basal levels of Pip and NHP, as well as in FMO1-, ALD1-, and NPR1-dependent autoimmunity and dwarfism (Kim et al., 2020; Sun et al., 2020). Here, NPR1 is linked to Autoimmunity.