Importantly, comparable results to those obtained with IFN-primed Th-1 cells were obtained, with signaling bias toward pSTAT1 in CD4 +T cells from SLE patients stimulated with HypIL-6 and IL-27 (Figure 7e, Figure 7—figure supplement 2c & d), further supporting the fact that STAT concentrations play a critical role in defining cytokine responses in autoimmune disorders. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.