Accordingly, Sema3a–/– mice display KS symptoms (Cariboni et al., 2011), and SEMA3A mutations can occur in patients with KS (Hanchate et al., 2012; Young et al., 2012; Känsäkoski et al., 2014) or CHARGE syndrome (Schulz et al., 2014b; Ufartes et al., 2018). Here, SEMA3A is linked to CHARGE syndrome.