SEMA3E and Kallmann syndrome: Mutations in SEMA3A and SEMA3E (Hanchate et al., 2012; Young et al., 2012; Känsäkoski et al., 2014; Cariboni et al., 2015) have been found in patients with Kallmann syndrome (KS), which is due to a defect in the migration of GnRH neurons during development and share some phenotypic features with CHARGE syndrome (Dodé and Hardelin, 2009) (see also section “GnRH Neurons”).