In ACO mice, there was an overlap of asthma and COPD with marked increases of total leukocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils counts and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A, and IFN-γ) in BALF. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.