For example, one study explored SiNPs with a diameter of 100 nm and special chemistry such as hydration (H-SiNPs), dextran (D-SiNPs), and gelatin (G-SiNPs), can induce lung fibrosis by specifically recruit and enrich transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) into their PC in lung (Figure 2B; Wang et al., 2017). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.