Studies have confirmed that it can indirectly induce the overexpression of downstream targets MAPK1 and CSF-1 by acting as the ceRNA of miR-326 and miR-532-5p (both are tumor suppressor factors), thereby regulating miR-326/miR-532-5p/MAPK1 and miR-326/miR-532-5p/CSF-1 signaling pathway respectively to promote the proliferation/invasion of HCC cells and the infiltration of macrophages in the TME. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.