Endogenous MGO-modified heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 has been found in several types of human cancer, including non-small cell lung (40) and gastrointestinal (41) cancer, where MGO protects cancer cells from apoptosis by increasing the anti-apoptotic activity of Hsp27 through the inhibition of caspase-3 and 9 activation (40–42). Here, HSPB1 is linked to cancer.