PTCH1 and neoplasm: For example, mutations of PTEN, TSC2, TSC1, NF1, and PIK3CA have been demonstrated activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, which will then boost the growth and progression of the tumor (16); FAT1 alteration is reported closely related to Wnt signaling pathway (17); modification on tumor suppressor genes, including TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PTCH1 and on cell cycle genes, such as CDKN2A (18, 19).