They showed elevation in serum levels of TGF-β1 (p=0.025) in subjects with EGID and also a significant increase in serum levels of IL-10 in EGID with upper GI involvement (EoE and eosinophilic gastro-duodenitis) as compared to those with GERD and HC groups. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and gastroesophageal reflux disease.