APOE and dementia: Similarly, after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, APOE-ε4 allele status, and five ancestry-specific PCs, CIND relative to normal cognition was associated with an increased odd of T2DM (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.45); while no association was found between dementia and history of T2DM.No causal relationship was observed between any cognitive status and history of T2DM (Supplementary Table 8, Model 2).