Similarly, after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, APOE-ε4 allele status, and five ancestry-specific PCs, CIND relative to normal cognition was associated with an increased odd of T2DM (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.45); while no association was found between dementia and history of T2DM.No causal relationship was observed between any cognitive status and history of T2DM (Supplementary Table 8, Model 2). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.