For example, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-11 released by activated immune cells (like T lymphocytes) induce osteoclasts formation to promote bone resorption by regulating the ratio of RANKL to OPG, which is common in osteo-inflammatory diseases such as RA (12, 13). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and rheumatoid arthritis.