In obesity-associated NAFLD, release of free fatty acids from white adipose tissue promotes hepatocyte triglyceride synthesis and storage, and lipotoxicity with production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17A and macrophage-recruiting chemokines (e.g., CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10). Here, CCL2 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.