CD8A and cancer: Thus, disrupting the unusual epigenetic regulation in cancer can completely shape the TIME by decreasing the populations of immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (15), increasing the numbers of CD8+ effector T cells and NK cells (15, 16), elevating the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (17–19), and upregulating the expression of tumor antigens, such as cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) (20, 21).