CD38 and acute myeloid leukemia: (47) used xenograft mouse models infused with CD34+CD38-Tim-3- and CD34+CD38-Tim-3+ cells from AML patients, and only CD34+CD38-Tim-3+ cells could support reconstitution and transplant leukemic engraftment, which indicated that Tim-3 could be used as a marker to distinguish residual HSCs from LSCs in AML.