During Gram-negative sepsis or endotoxin based sepsis, LPS is considered the main PAMP and is specifically recognized by TLR-4 (15) that induces the activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways in renal resident cells, contributing to fibroblasts accumulation and local inflammatory process (17, 25, 42–45). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Sepsis.