TNF and geroderma osteodysplastica: In a study by De carli et al., 153 orbital T cell clones expanded from four severe GO patients exhibited remarkably high proportions of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell phenotypes with a Th1-like cytokine profile including IFN-γ (82% in CD4; 88% in CD8), IL-2 (79% in CD4; 81% in CD8), and TNF-α (90% in CD4; 88% in CD8), but not IL-4 (4% in CD4; 0% in CD8) or IL-5 (1% in CD4; 0% in CD8), compared with T cell clones expanded from PBMCs of both GO patients and control subjects (38).