The remaining 22 were excluded because they had craniofaringioma (n = 3), neuropsychiatric disorder under treatment with risperidone (n = 1), leukemia (n = 1), thalassemia major (n = 3), short-stature homeobox (SHOX) gene mutations (n = 2), Nijhegen syndrome (n = 1), 1q32.2p43 chromosome deletion (n = 1), Noonan syndrome (n = 1), renal failure (n = 1), medulloblastoma (n = 2), multiple exostoses (n = 1), and abnormalities at brain MRI (n = 2). Here, SHOX is linked to Noonan syndrome.