CD8A and Encephalopathy: Whilst few patients suffer a fulminating encephalopathy, the brains in the majority show similar features to HIV-CD8E: abundant CD8+ T-cells, few CD4+ T-cells, some astrocytosis and diffuse microgliosis (but no giant cells), and little or no demonstrable HIV antigen by IHC, although PCR analysis identified HIV-1 genome in a few.