AIF1 and Wilson disease: Immunofluorescence analysis in Figure 5A showed that WD after 5 and 9 months of feeding resulted in significantly enhanced microglial activation in the hippocampus, as indicated by increased immunofluorescence staining area of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), which is a microglial activation marker, in 8M and 12M mice from WD and WD + LPS groups compared to both control groups: standard diet (CTR) group and LPS treated group (Figure 5A: 8M [H(3) = 37.7, p < 0.001], 12M [H(3) = 19.1, p < 0.001], Figure 5A' and Supplementary Figure 2).