APP and Alzheimer disease: However, interactions of Abeta in AD with vascular factors [e.g., altered blood-brain barrier permeability caused both by microvascular changes and Abeta deposition (Santos et al., 2017)] can be differentiated from cerebral amyloid angiopathy (Banerjee et al., 2020), a distinct vascular disease caused by amyloid, which we will not discuss further here.