Neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor, the Gs/Gq protein–coupled NPS receptor (NPSR; also known as GPR154), make up a deorphanized GPCR system implicated in the regulation of anxiety, arousal, and wakefulness (Xu et al., 2004), as well as drug and alcohol–related behaviors (Cannella et al., 2009; Pañeda et al., 2009). The gene discussed is NPSR1; the disease is Anxiety.