Of note, while our evidence indicated that FGF23 ameliorates AKI via modulation of EPCs, the other group has reported that FGF23-Klotho signaling pathway could enhance proliferation and inhibit vitamin D-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs)31 and FGF23 might exert its beneficial effects directly on renal tubular cells. Here, FGF23 is linked to acute kidney injury.