TNF and cancer: The KEGG pathways analysis suggested that potential targets of S. officinalis against H. pylori infection significantly enriched in the pathways of Pathways in cancer, MicroRNAs in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, and Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, etc. At least 90 % of non-cardia gastric cancers are associated with H. pylori infection, and H. pylori was classified as a group I carcinogen for gastric cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).