In patients with AF P < 6.0 ng/ml, the cumulative incidences of HCC at year 4 of patients IL-17 < median and ≧ median are 0.03 and 0.08 respectively (Fig. 2b), suggesting that IL-17 levels can reflect the different HCC incidence in patients with low AFP. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is atrial fibrillation.