Regarding angiogenic pathways, damaging variants in genes associated with promotion of angiogenesis were recently found to be present in 55% of a population of 133 neonates with complex CHD; but in this well-controlled study, a similar degree of damaging variants were also present in patients without CHD.102,103 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play a significant role in both cardiovascular, placental, and brain development. Here, VEGFA is linked to coronary artery disorder.