Additionally, taking the fact into consideration that both VEGFR-3-PI3K-AKT and integrin-FAK-PI3K-AKT signaling pathways converge at mTOR, rapamycin seems to have dual treatment targets in LAM pathobiology, e.g., LAM cells as well as LAM-associated LECs, to stabilize the disease course. This evidence concerns the gene TSC1 and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.