HSPA5 and infection: After 48 h infection, we incubated cells with DMSO, HA15 (GRP78 inhibitor), PACMA31 (PDI inhibitor), and tunicamycin (ER stress inducer) at different time point, prepared whole cell lysates and performed western blotting using anti-FLAG, anti-GRP78, anti-PDIA1, and anti-β-actin antibodies.